Read this passage from “the city without us” by alan weisman:

ruins of high-rises echo the love song of frogs breeding in manhattan’s reconstituted streams, now stocked with alewives and mussels dropped by seagulls. herring and shad have returned to the hudson, though they spent some generations adjusting to radioactivity trickling out of indian point nuclear power plant, 35 miles north of times square, after its reinforced concrete succumbed. missing, however, are nearly all fauna adapted to us. the seemingly invincible cockroach, a tropical import, long ago froze in unheated apartment buildings.

which two ideas does the passage most clearly develop?
a. nature can destroy creations that were thought indestructible; humans aren’t as powerful as the forces of nature.
b. nature pays a price for our disrespect to the environment; nature’s retribution can be a frightening thing.
c. as the human race goes, so do the forces of nature that affect us; nature cannot destroy what people have made.
d. eventually nature will reclaim urban centers; animal life is less resilient than human life.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)