Which excerpt is an example of pathos from "the damation of a canyon"?

a. one should admit at the outset to a certain bias. indeed i am a "butterfly chaser, googly eyed bleeding heart and wild conservative."

b. i have had the unique opportunity to observe firsthand some of the differences between the environment of a free river and a power-plant reservoir.

c. many of the side canyons above the fluctuating waterline are now rendered more difficult, not easier, to get into. this is because the debris brought down into them by desert storms, no longer carried away by the river, must unavoidably build up . .

d. anyone who has tried to pilot a motorboat through a raft of half-sunken logs and bloated dead cows will have his own thoughts on the accessibility of these waters.