Fallacies: all that apply.
*have no effect on an argument
*may make a person less credible
*may make an argument illogical
*are an essential part of persuasion
*are an indicator of pathos
*none of the above

Fallacies may make a person less credible.
Fallacies may make an argument illogical.

Fallacies are basically mistakes in an argument or mistaken beliefs that are based on unsound arguments. So those mistakes may make someone seem less credible and make the argument illogical. However, mistakes will often have an effect on the argument, are not essential to the argument and are not an indicator of sadness (pathos). Which is why only the two choices were selected.

Яне знаю i don’t know,i is russia