Which BEST describes the student's reasoning? es
A)
The statements employ valid reasoning.
B)
The statements employ sound reasoning.
C)
The statements employ deductive reasoning.
D)
The statements employ inductive reasoning.

A.THE STATEMENT EMPLOY VALID REASONING

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

the answer is both an appeal to ethos and logos (if that's what your question options were)