Read the excerpt from "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," by Langston Hughes. But jazz to me is one of the inherent expressions of Negro life in America; the eternal tom-tom beating in the Negro soul—the tom-tom of revolt against weariness in a white world, a world of subway trains, and work, work, work; the tom-tom of joy and laughter, and pain swallowed in a smile.

How does Hughes inject elements of jazz into the excerpt?

by repeating the word “work,” which emphasizes the need to relax
with references to the “white world,” which accentuates the targeted audience
with figurative language such as “pain swallowed in a smile,” which acts as song lyrics
by repeating the phrase “tom-tom,” which acts as a drum beat