PLEASE HELP!! ENGLISH.

What type of phrase is the underlined phrase?

Based on the book, "the boy in the striped pajamas."describe how these circumstances would affect a person’s identity development (crisis, commitment, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement.)

What is rand's reason for including the ra.pe scene?   how does the event change both roark and dominique?   discuss how current attitudes on relations between the se.xes have changed since the publication of the fountainhead.

How was don quixote different from the literature before it? how did it signal a change in the history of literature? your answer should contain at least one hundred words.