#1: The Zia Sun symbol, seen on the New Mexico flag, stands for peace and friendship. Which is the participial phrase in this sentence? #2: In the late 1880s, the growing beef industry created vast cattle kingdoms on New Mexico’s plains. Which is the present participle in this sentence?

#3: Leading the country in energy research and development since 1945, New Mexico has conducted experiments at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Which is the participial phrase in this sentence?

#4:Which sentence contains an elliptical adverb clause?
A. Ella spent more time studying than Talia.
B. Jorge likes swimming as much as he likes running.
C. Bill arrives earlier than anyone else does.
D. Wendy can do as many push-ups as Adeen can do.

1. The participial phrase is: "seen on the New Mexico flag"

2. The present participle is: "growing"

3. The participial phrase is: "Leading the country in energy research and development since 1945"

4. The sentence which contains an elliptical adverb clause is: A. Ella spent more time studying than Talia.

Explanation:

A participial phrase is formed by a present or past participle followed by a complement (nouns, pronouns, or a phrase). Participial phrases function as adjectives in the sentence, modifying a noun. In sentence 1 the participial phrase begins with the past participle "seen", while in sentence 3 it begins with the present participle "leading".

A present participle is formed by the base form of a verb and -ing. Example: worrying, dancing, gliding, screaming.

Finally, an elliptical adverb clause functions as an adverb in a sentence, modifying a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It is called elliptical because one of its elements is implied. In option A of number 4, the element that is implied is the verb that is supposed to follow the subject "Talia":

- Ella spent more time studying than Talia (did).

answer: the sentence in the text that contains both the topic and the author's single most important idea about the topic

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