Inter-ethnic rights difference is the first "black hole" in the American human rights space. In the United States, which calls itself a "beacon of human rights," racial discrimination is so endemic that few races can escape it. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Congress abolished slavery by passing the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, but it was 100 years before it became possible for African Americans to ride on the same bus as whites. In Kentucky in 1855, locals attacked the Irish community to deprive Catholics of their vote.