Mother to Son Well, son, I’ll tell you: Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. It’s had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor— Bare. But all the time I’se been a-climbin’ on, And reachin’ landin’s, And turnin’ corners, And sometimes goin’ in the dark Where there ain’t been no light. So, boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the steps ’Cause you finds it’s kinder hard. Don’t you fall now— For I’se still goin’, honey, I’se still climbin’, And life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. This poem contains words that are not grammatically correct or are informal. Explain why this type of language is acceptable in certain poems and stories but not in formal language. How does the poem benefit from the use of such language? (10) 2.2 The above poem suggests that the speaker has not had an easy life. Explain how the writer’s choice of words influences the mood and feeling of the poem overall. Give three specific examples from the poem and elaborate on the feelings they generate.

a) why did you buy only one bunch of bananas ? it's not enough for the party .

b) can i have a carton of juice, ? it looks very fresh !

c) a kilo of milk ? that's 2 pounds, .

d) i've got only one bar of chocolate . you can have a half of it .

e) cut just a small slice of cheese for me . i'm trying to lose weight .

f) do you want a bowl of soup ? it's delicious !

g) can i have a tin of biscuits, ?

h) do you want a loaf of bread ? i bought three .

i) let's buy a glass of wine to celebrate our wedding anniversary !

j) don't leave the jar of honey on the table . the kids will break it .

k) we need to buy some sweets and a bottle of coke .

l) would you like a cup of hot tea ? you've got a cold !

m) can i have a piece of chocolate cake, ? it's my favourite dessert .

n) i bought a beautiful packet of flowers for my mum's birthday .

hope this !

the most appropriate strategy would be to do a questions and answer type speech.

1. an introductory word, phrase, or clause which is missing the word(s) it is supposed to modify- dangling modifier

words, clauses or phrases which add description is known as a modifier. a modifier is found before or after the target words that they want to describe.

for example: happily, she ran towards her father.

herein, happily precedes 'she', its target.

whereas, when an author forgets to mention the target and includes the modifier thus it is known as a dangling modifier, wherein modifier has nothing to describe. these are the errors which confuse the reader.

2. a noun or pronoun's function within a sentence- elliptical clause

it is a clause in which words are being left out. on the other hand, the missing word is understood due to the logic or pattern of the sentence.

for example:

she had five apples;   kanishk, three.

herein the verb 'had' is missing which is otherwise understood.

3. to quickly run: split infinitive

it refers to the construction of the sentence in which infinitive consists with the word or an adverb between to and verb.

for example, he used to secretly ate those apples.

4. a clause with either an implied subject or verb: elliptical clause

5. a word that joins words or phrases of the same grammatical type: coordinating conjunctions are the words which connect clauses and phrases. there are seven coordinating conjunctions that are, yet, so, or, for, and, nor, and but.

for example:

the boy refused to complete the homework nor will he take the punishment.

'and' is the coordinating conjunction.

7. pronoun with no specific antecedent: indefinite pronouns are the pronouns which do not refer to anyone specifically.

for example several, nobody, some and so forth.

8. a pair of words like either/or: correlative conjunctions

these are the pairs of conjunctions used in a sentence to join elements together. these are, , not also, and so forth.

9. masculine and feminine forms: gender

gender refers to the cultural, psychological and behavioral traits that are associated with a particular sex.