Read the excerpt below about the history of elephant training. 1
Elephants have been trained for multiple uses for around 4000 years. While elephants are sometimes used in
war or commerce, they are often used for hunting. Regardless, these elephants undergo training to become
domesticated. Many trainers now use positive reinforcement to train elephants; however, some still employ a
controversial process known as "phajaan." This method uses corporal punishment as a means of "breaking the
elephant's spirit to encourage submission. In the past, elephants trained by this method were often used for
hunting. The elephants helped to herd wild elephants for capture.
nment in every way that an elephant
was caught and was now nearly seventy,
pad on his forehead, at a gun stuck in
ore he had reached his full strength.
Which idea from this excerpt does the author include in The Jungle Book?
O that Kala Nag was trained using the process known as phajaan
O that positive interactions between Kala Nag and his trainers occured
O that Kala Nag was captured by the Indian government during the war
• that breaking an elephant's spirit is an ineffective way to train an animal
with Kala Nag and told him, before his
ys got hurt. Kala Nag knew that her
ked, screaming, into a stand of piled
he was twenty-five, he gave up being
Telephant in the service of the
ght of tents, on the march in Upper
aken for days across the water. He had
very far from India and had seen the
e steamer entitled, so the soldiers
of cold, epilepsy, starvation, and
been sent down thousands of miles
There he had half killed an
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