What is ra the sun god holding in his right hand

In one hand he holds the small item called an Ankh, a symbol of eternal life.
In his other hand he holds a staff-like object, either a tool or a ceremonial staff known as a Was. 

A. they give the reader hope. if the whole book was dark & unhopeful it’d be a little less interesting, little moments make it more interesting to read because then you want to know what happens. if it’s all dark there’s no point in reading if you already know the outcome of it.