In its historical context, the statement from senator mccarthy's "communists in the state department" speech that "i have in my hand 57 cases of individuals who would appear to be either card-carrying members or certainly loyal to the communist party" is an example of

Smear tactics

Explanation:

Smear tactics refers to an effort to damage someone's reputation through the use of negative propaganda. This is often used in politics, but can also take place in other contexts, such as in the workplace. In this case, the fact that McCarthy announced the allegiance of people to the Communist Party can be considered a smear campaign, as McCarthy did so in order to affect these people's reputation.

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