Read the excerpt from "benin plaque: the oba with europeans.” the portuguese galleons, cutting out all the middlemen and able to carry much bigger cargoes, offered a totally new kind of trading opportunity. they and their dutch and english competitors, who followed later in the sixteenth century, carried gold and ivory to europe and in return brought commodities from all over the world that were greatly valued by the oba’s court, including coral from the mediterranean, cowry shells from the indian ocean to serve as money, cloth from the far east and, from europe itself, larger quantities of brass than had ever before reached west africa. this was the raw material from which the benin plaques were made. which central idea is best supported by the details in the excerpt?

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)