Is the underlined clause independent or subordinate?

unless he has been left alone, rover rarely barks or whines.

a. independent
b. subordinate

I'm scared to talk to people what can i do to with this?

Read this excerpt from holes. he had no sailing experience, but the ship’s captain signed him aboard. the captain could see that elya was a man of great strength. not everybody could carry a full-grown pig up the side of a mountain. it wasn’t until the ship had cleared the harbor and was heading out across the atlantic that he suddenly remembered his promise to carry madame zeroni up the mountain. he felt terrible. what information does this flashback provide about elya? a.elya did not intend to break his promise to madame zeroni. b.madame zeroni is very angry and disappointed in elya. c.elya is terribly afraid of madame zeroni’s curse. d.elya does not care what happened to madame zeroni.

What do you think inspires people to come up with great inventions? explain in 4 sentences