Read the excerpt from "hokusai's the great wave” by neil macgregor. the japanologist donald keene, from columbia university, sees the wave as a metaphor for the changes in japanese society: the japanese have a word for insular which is literally the mental state of the people living on islands:   shimaguni konjo.  shimaguni  is ‘island nations’  konjo  is ‘character’. the idea is they are surrounded by water and, unlike the british isles, which were in sight of the continent, are far away. the uniqueness of japan is often brought up as a great virtue. a new change of interest in the world, breaking down the classical barriers, begins to emerge. i think the interest in waves suggests the allure of going elsewhere, the possibility of finding new treasures outside japan, and some japanese at this time secretly wrote accounts of why japan should have colonies in different parts of the world in order to augment their own riches. the great wave, like the other images in the series, was printed in at least 5,000 impressions, possibly as many as 8,000, and we know that in 1842 the price of a single sheet was officially fixed at 16 mon, the equivalent of a double of noodles. this was cheap, popular art; but when printed in such quantities, to exquisite technical standards, it could be highly profitable. which line is a direct quotation from an external source? “the japanologist donald keene, from columbia university, sees the wave as a metaphor for the changes in japanese society . .”“the japanese have a word for insular which is literally the mental state of the people living on islands: shimaguni konjo.”“the great wave, like the other images in the series, was printed in at least 5,000 impressions, possibly as many as 8,000 . .”“this was cheap, popular art; but when printed in such quantities, to exquisite technical standards, it could be highly profitable.”

Read the excerpt from act 2 of a doll's house. nora: [quickly] he mustn't get the letter. tear it up. i will find some means of getting money. krogstad: excuse me, mrs. helmer, but i think i told you just now— nora: i am not speaking of what i owe you. tell me what sum you are asking my husband for, and i will get the money. krogstad: i am not asking your husband for a penny. nora: what do you want, then? krogstad: i will tell you. i want to rehabilitate myself, mrs. helmer; i want to get on; and in that your husband must me. for the last year and a half i have not had a hand in anything dishonourable, amid all that time i have been struggling in most restricted circumstances. i was content to work my way up step by step. now i am turned out, and i am not going to be satisfied with merely being taken into favour again. i want to get on, i tell you. i want to get into the bank again, in a higher position. your husband must make a place for me— nora: that he will never do! krogstad: he will; i know him; he dare not protest. and as soon as i am in there again with him, then you will see! within a year i shall be the manager's right hand. it will be nils krogstad and not torvald helmer who manages the bank. nora: that's a thing you will never see! krogstad: do you mean that you will—? nora: i have courage enough for it now. krogstad: oh, you can't frighten me. a fine, spoilt lady like you— nora: you will see, you will see. krogstad: under the ice, perhaps? down into the cold, coal-black water? and then, in the spring, to float up to the surface, all horrible and unrecognisable, with your hair fallen out— nora: you can't frighten me. krogstad: nor you me. people don't do such things, mrs. helmer. besides, what use would it be? i should have him completely in my power all the same. nora: afterwards? when i am no longer— krogstad: have you forgotten that it is i who have the keeping of your reputation? [nora stands speechlessly looking at him.] well, now, i have warned you. do not do anything foolish. when helmer has had my letter, i shall expect a message from him. and be sure you remember that it is your husband himself who has forced me into such ways as this again. i will never forgive him for that. goodbye, mrs. helmer. [exit through the hall.] what conflict does krogstad introduce? krogstad tells nora that he has written a letter telling helmer about her affair with the doctor. krogstad refuses to forgive helmer unless nora finds a way to come up with more money. krogstad tries to blackmail nora into getting helmer to keep him at the bank by exposing her forgery. krogstad plans to take helmer’s job managing the bank and ruin nora’s reputation while doing so.