Define scale: (ap human geography)

You hear the word scale often when you work around people who produce or use geographic information. If you listen closely, you will notice that the term has several different meanings, depending on the context in which it is used. You will hear talk about the scales of geographic phenomena and about the scales at which phenomena are represented on maps. You may even hear the word used as a verb, as in scaling a map or downscaling.

shanghai

explanation:

after fierce fighting, the chinese armies were driven out of the shanghai area by the middle of november 1937. nanking (nanjing), the nationalist capital, fell in mid-december 1937, and the liquidation of that city and its inhabitants became known as the nanjing massacre.

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