What two nations at one time controlled most of south america?

Spain and Portugal.

The Treaty of Tordesilla split the world between the two nations, thus giving them majority of control over South America. This is further proven by the most influence nations left on the continent.

Hope this helps!

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.

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