Select the correct answer. when visiting tanzania, marcus joined a tour group on a hike up mt. kilimanjaro. when he began his hike, marcus was hot, though dressed in shorts and a t-shirt. after reaching the top, marcus was cold and noticed snow on the ground. what knowledge would have marcus better prepare for his hike? a. mountains that formed from past glaciers tend to have cold climates. b. the precipitation forecast predicts the day's temperature in mountainous regions. c. high elevations, even those near the equator, tend to have cooler climates. d. soil damaged by poor crop rotation turns cold due to the lack of nutrients.

The correct answer is C. High elevations, even those near the equator, tend to have cooler climates.

Explanation:

The mountain climate is a climate specific to the various mountain regions, independently of the climatic zone where they are located. It is characterized by cold winters and cool, wet summers.

In each climatic zone, the thermal and pluviometric rhythms of the mountain environment are close to those of the neighboring plains, but the temperatures are lower, and the precipitations increase at least until an altitude qualified as optimal. The exposure and the vigor of the relief also bring important nuances.  

Atmospheric pressure and air density decrease with altitude according to a logarithmic law, because air tends to settle near the surface of the globe. The temperature decreases with altitude mainly because of the drop in atmospheric pressure. The higher the altitude, the lower the atmospheric pressure. The temperature of a gas being linked to its pressure, a drop in pressure induces a significant cooling of the air.  

The average thermal variation is approximately 0.6° C every 100 m. The temperature varies from a value of approximately 1° C for 100 m, when the relative humidity of the air is less than 100% (dry air), to a value of approximately 0.5° C for 100 m , when the air is saturated.

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