How do culture traits move and develop through time and space across different scales?

     im not exactly sure about this question but this may help you :))

       How is culture characterized and described? The characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. No matter what culture a people are a part of, one thing is for certain, it will change. Culture appears to have become key in our interconnected world, which is made up of so many ethnically diverse societies, but also riddled by conflicts associated with religion, ethnicity, ethical beliefs, and, essentially, the elements which make up culture

so the the way "culture traits move and develop through time and space across different scales?" is the same way someone spreads their beliefs, lets say Christmas traditions for example, some people like to chug down on egg-nog and others prefer hot chocolate, it's a tradition, so some people like to share their tradition, and so therefore spreading their culture traits, and spreading it and sharing it, until it become a way of life, like walking up to someone and going "Hakuna Matata fam" and just burst into song lol, u pass it around and spread it and pass it down from generation lol

separation of church and state? not sure what you mean.