How does plate tectonics explain the creation of volcanic islands in the pacific

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

The difference(s) between the grand canyon and valles marineris is/are: (a) the grand canyon was formed by water, but valles marineris was not. (a) valles marineris is much longer than the grand canyon. (c) valles marineris is much wider than the grand canyon. (d) valles marineris has large volcanoes near it. all of the above

What was one effect of european influence on southeast asia?