Define what is meant by the term sediment?
what main property distinguishes the different types of sedimentary particles (e. g. clay, sand, gravel etc.)
what type of processes can transport (move) sediment?
what are three things that tend to happen to rock material as it moves from the source area to farther away from the source area?
name a few environments of deposition.
what is meant by the term lithification?

All in a nutshell...

Explanation:

Define what is meant by the term Sediment?

Geologically talking, a sediment is the compact or dense material which accumulates on the earth's surface (Weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks plus Chemical precipitation) from solution, including secretion by organisms in water. It flourishes from the action of various natural phenomena which takes action in the biosphere, hydrosphere and the atmosphere.

What main property distinguishes the different types of sedimentary particles (e.g. clay, sand, gravel etc.)

Texture is the relationship between the grains of minerals that form a rock and defines the different types of sedimentary particles.

What type of processes can transport (move) sediment?

Many factors such as transportation, deposition, lithification and the weathering can be involved when it comes to either transport or move sediments.  

It origins  from the entrance in suspension, the bottom dragging, which produces erosion, as well as, the transport of sediment, the deposition of particles, its compaction and consolidation, creates continuously the landscapes by modifying the form of everything through the time.

What are three things that tend to happen to rock material as it moves from the source area to farther away from the source area?

The three things that tend to happen to rock material as it moves from the source are transporting agents include wind which blows dust and sand, glaciers, which carry large amounts of gravel and huge boulders in addition to smaller particles, and mass wasting on hillslopes. Such as: Rounding, Sorting and Sediment size decreases.

Name a few environments of deposition.

Environment of Deposition describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment such as deep sea floor, beach and desert dune.

What is meant by the term lithification?

Lithification is the process, usually of compaction and cementation, by which sediments become sedimentary rocks.

the answer is the last option or letter d)