What problem facing the volga river is mike edwards describing and what has caused that problem

The answer is the magnetosphere.

Magma forms by partial melting of upper mantle and crust. partial melt means that only a fraction of the available material forms a melt, and that the remainder stays solid. the partial melt rises because of its lower density and ascends through he crust. this is so conclusive mean the answer would be magma igneous rocks or balistic magma.

The correct answer is:   [b]:   "has no atmosphere" .