In this lab, you determined the relative ages of rock layers using the principles of relative dating. the says that a rock layer found closer to earth’s surface is a rock layer that is deeper in earth’s surface. the states that intrusions are the rock layer they cut across. you also determined the absolute ages of rock layers using a the data you gathered you identify an unknown fossil.

1. Law of Superposition

2. Younger than

3. Principal of Cross-Cutting Relationships

4. Younger than

5. Mass Spectrometer

Explanation:

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In this lab, you determined the relative ages of rock layers using the principles of relative dating. The  law of superposition  says that a rock layer found closer to Earth’s surface is younger than  a rock layer that is deeper in Earth’s surface. The principle of cross-cutting relationships  states that intrusions are  younger than  the rock layer they cut across. You also determined the absolute ages of rock layers using a  mass spectrometer . The data you gathered helped you identify an unknown fossil.

Which rock layer was the youngest?

conglomerate

How do you know that the rock layer is the youngest?

It was at the top of all the layers.

Which fossil is the oldest?

trilobite

Which fossil is the youngest?

ammonite

Magma cut into the red-brown rocks and solidified to form glasslike rocks. (2)

Red-brown rocks with sand-sized rock grains were deposited horizontally.  (1)

Rocks composed of gray clay flakes with crystals of minerals were deposited horizontally.  

(4)

Rocks made of shell and skeletons of marine organisms were deposited horizontally.

(3)

Which statements can be inferred from the Paleozoic era time scale?

A)  There was volcanic activity during the Paleozoic era.

C) Marine organisms existed in the early part of the Paleozoic era.

E) Erosion and deposition were processes that occurred during the Paleozoic era.

How do scientists use relative and absolute dating and the geologic time scale to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history?

Sample Responds: Scientists use relative and absolute dating to date rock layers. They can then organize these rock layers based on their age from oldest to youngest on the geologic time scale. Based on this organization, they can tell which organisms lived and what was happening to Earth at that time.  

How many atoms will there most likely be at the third half-life of potassium-40 in this model?

(13)

A model rock layer had 50 pennies (atoms of potassium-40).

How old is the rock layer?

1.3 billion years old

How did the lab activities help you answer the lesson  question: How are relative and absolute dating methods used to determine the age of rocks and fossils? What did you learn from conducting this lab?

Sample Responds: In the lab, I used the law of superposition, the principle of cross-cutting relationships, and index fossils to determine the relative ages of rock layers. Then, I used a mass spectrometer to find the age and identity of an unknown fossil. I learned that radioactive decay can help scientists figure out the age of rocks and minerals. I also learned that dating rock layers and the geologic time scale can help us understand Earth’s history by identifying what was happening to Earth and what lived on Earth when the rock layers were formed.

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