Crust is formed at a mid-ocean ridge, travels for millions of years, then is destroyed at subduction plate boundaries. Older oceanic crust subducts (dives) beneath continental crust at active continental margins where the subducted crust is destroyed. Passive continental margins are not associated with a type of plate boundary because the crust along these margins does not change much. We can infer that subduction occurs at active continental margins that have deep ocean trenches. We can make this inference because trenches form where subducting plates meet overriding plates. Topographic maps are a useful tool to determine if a margin has a trench. The trench suggests that subduction is present, which indicates the margin is active. Compare continental margins and ocean basins of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans using the map below. Deep ocean trenches are delineated with red lines, which indicates the margin is active.

Ecologist: the scottish highlands were once the site of extensive forests, but these forests have mostly disappeared and been replaced by peat bogs. the common view is that the highlands’ deforestation was caused by human activity, especially agriculture. however, [agriculture began in the highlands less than 2,000 years ago]. peat bogs, which consist of compressed decayed vegetable matter, build up by only about one footper 1,000 years and, [throughout the highlands, remains of trees in peat bogs are almost all at depths great than four feet]. since climate changes that occurred between 7,000 and 4,000 years ago favored the development of peat bogs rather than the survival of forests, the deforestation was more likely the result of natural processes than of human activity.in the ecologist’s argument the two portions in [parenthesis] play which of the following roles? a. the first is evidence that has been used in support of a position that the ecologist rejects; the second is a finding that the ecologist uses to counter that evidence.b. the first is evidence that, in light of the evidence provided in the second, serves as grounds for the ecologist’s rejection of a certain position.c. the first is a position that the ecologist rejects; the second is evidence that has been used in support of that position.d. the first is a position that the ecologist rejects; the second provides evidence in support of that rejection.e. the first is a position for which the ecologist argues; the second provides evidence to support that position.