What external forces shape earth's surface?

Ineed quickly! which of the following would not be considered an example of the transition of europe into the formation of larger nation-states? a. the hundred years' war b. the unification of italy c. the marriage of isabella and fernando d. the height of feudalism

Lines of longitude are like stripes from the top of the globe down to the bottom virtually slicing the earth like an orange

Plz answer ! find the alps. what countries and country borders intersect this major mountain range? which borders seem to be defined by the edges of the mountains? which borders seem to be defined by the edges of the mountains? which borders cut across the mountains?