Whats the answer to the photo below?

Volcanic irruption is most likely to be violent when a) volcanoes near to the sea b) the neck of the volcano is sealed by a plug c) the lava is viscous d) the lava reaches the surface through a fissure e) the volcano is on the ocean floor

Reason i shouldnt turn back if i'm lost in the wilderness need fast

What is unusual about the iraq mountains ,in spite of their old age?