Plz help me with these questions 100 point

Volcanic irruption is most likely to be violent when a) volcanoes near to the sea b) the neck of the volcano is sealed by a plug c) the lava is viscous d) the lava reaches the surface through a fissure e) the volcano is on the ocean floor

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

Name the river that forms a natural border between new york and new jersey and is the site where a passenger jet made a miraculous landing on january 15