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The total fertility rate is a measure of the number of children that would be born if all women lived to the life expectancy age forthe given country in which they live.

Select the correct text in the passage. the moving continents affect all subsystems on earth. which sentence identifies a potentially negative consequence of shifting continents? the supercontinent pangaea began to break up about 175 million years ago. [during this process, more coastline was exposed as the landmasses separated]. [the rearrangement and displacement of these huge landmasses resulted in the diversity of plants and animals we see on earth today]. [the movement of the plates sometimes leads to earthquakes and tsunamis]. however, over the long course of earth's history, their effects are usually minimal. in oceans, the plate movements usually lead to seafloor spreading. [seafloor spreading often results in the formation of underwater ranges of mountains].

In the following diagram, four different index fossils are labeled: which of the labeled fossils comes from the oldest organism? a b c d