According to Madison, a) factions can best be controlled by insisting that all people hold the same opinion.
b) factions result from individual liberty to express one's opinions, and we must not undermine liberty in order to cure factions.
c) the passions of men can best be reduced by ensuring that all have enough property to have a stake in the peaceful resolution of disputes.
d) the unequal distribution of property that fuels factions is the results of corrupt political institutions that must be reformed.