What's the principal lines of latitude and their values

The five major lines of latitude, more commonly referred to as the five major circles of latitude, are lines that mark specific points on Earth. Four of the lines are either north or south of the equator and also run parallel to the equator. These lines are visible on a map, however, they are not physical jurisdictions that can be seen if you travel to the points in which they are located.

Idon't know. the question you are trying to ask doesn't make sense.

It is the doctrine that the us had the right and duty to expand throughout north america. it just means they believed they had the right to expand westward and they did! they stated with the 13 colonies and then they kept moving gaining different territories throughout the years