How can new technologies in geography us to answer geography’s three key questions? explain how these new technologies us answer “what,” “where,” and “why there.” give your answer in a short paragraph.

Let's consider one topic that geography would be interested in: the distribution of human population. Say, we are interested in the human population in Island. 

The "what" would be humans living, and the new technology could be for example: a central database with the number of people living in certain places and satellite pictures to check whether the settlements are indeed where they are. 

The "where" would be the exact distribution of human settlements and technology could help us map it out. 

But it is with the "why there" that technology could help the most: we could measure for example the yearly annual temperature, the most extreme  temperature and the precipitation in the places of human settlements by using measuring devices that transmit the data to a central computer, giving us detailed and up to date information. Again, technology could help us model this information and show that for example humans tend to live in places which are not as cold. 

Answer islamic scholars made advancements in technology, literature, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and the arts during this time period;