What is the relationship between locations distance from the equator and climate temperatures?

In general places farther from the equator have colder winters and sometimes hotter summers with lower average year-round temperatures. but there are many other influences on climate besides latitude such as elevation rainfall and proximity to or distance from large bodies of water.

What exactly do you mean 

Water flows along the east coast and across the western tropical pacific towards south america, while they both are directed towards that way,  el niño does not directly affect the southern flow of water along the coast.