One hypothesis states that plate movement results from convection currents in the a. inner core. c. lithosphere. b. asthenosphere. d. outer core.

asthenosphere

Explanation:

   The asthenosphere is the layer of the earth below the lithosphere. It is a solid rock layer that has so much pressure and heat that rocks can flow like a liquid.

   The asthenosphere rocks are less dense than the lithosphere rocks. This allows the tectonic plates in the lithosphere to move on the Earth's surface by "floating" over rocks that are slowly flowing like a liquid.

    Scientists use the speed and direction of earthquakes to study parts of the earth, especially the asthenosphere. Earthquake waves traveling the earth change speed and direction when there is a change in the density of rocks within the earth.

the proximity of water was an advantage to western europe and its culture was able to flourish as a result. trade and travel by sea were easier and safer in historical times.

1. there are no mountains to protect it from the sea

2. and its has wet cool summers and wet, mild winters.