Sara does not ask mr. smith any questions during class, because the last time sara asked a question he ridiculed her. this is an example of which of the following?

The answer to the question is punishment. Or more specifically, positive punishment.

Positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

Sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by Mr. Smith (the punishment).

Reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.

i think life is life. many could argue that life is ‘nice’ or ‘fun’ but in the end, it is immaterial and will end. nihilism is my philosophy. nothing matters in the end so why make an effort?