Which of these gives the best indication that a health service is based on pseudoscience? a. the service is not controversial and is supervised by medical professionals. b. the service has been extensively researched, has a high success rate, and is expensive c. the service is inexpensive, is based on research, and has been around for a long time d. the service has not been researched and is expensive

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?