Dr. kingston emphasizes that learned fears reflect the interacting influences of a person's inborn emotional reactivity, family life history, and capacity to generalize from previous experiences. dr. kingston's emphasis best illustrates
a. pavlov's experiments.
b. watson's behaviorism.
c. a biopsychosocial approach.
d. the law of effect.
e. operant conditioning.

c. a biopsychosocial approach.

Explanation:

The traditional model of medicine, in force until a few decades ago, is the "biomedical model", in which only biological causes are contemplated to understand people's illnesses. Thus, a disease is explained only by the physiological alterations that are evident through objective assessments: analysis, biometric tests, imaging tests (x-rays, resonances, ultrasound); and everything that is not objectifiable, that is, the psychological aspects associated, either as a cause or as an effect, to said disease is ruled out.

It is evident the limitation of this model in a world in which there is a growing awareness of the interrelationship between all things. And in the field of medicine at hand, between the somatic and the mental.

In 1977, Georges Engel, an American psychiatrist, proposed the "biopsychosocial" disease model in which the biological, psychological and social components that coexist interdependently in all diseases are recognized.

Nowadays medicine and medical treatment should no longer be considered. And that is why, at the level of public and hospital assistance, the therapeutic approach is proposed - although it is not always possible to carry out it - in a multidisciplinary way. For example, a person with a serious chronic disease will have to apply drugs according to established protocols and submit if necessary to biomedical tests, but also have to educate the patient and guide him in relation to his lifestyle, offer psychological strategies that Help you better manage your emotional reactions and interview if necessary with the family to improve your understanding of the disease and to help with the treatment.