A patent ductus arteriosus permits .

-the deoxygenated blood pumped out by the left ventricle to quickly flow into the pulmonary trunk
-blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk
-blood to enter the pulmonary trunk from the aorta because the higher blood pressure in the pulmonary trunk forces blood to flow into the pulmonary trunk
-All of the listed responses are correct.

A patent ductus arteriosus permits blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk

Explanation:

Ductus arteriosus is an important part of foetal ciculation and acts as a shunt between pulmonary trunk and aorta allowing the deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and aorta. It normal fuses at birth ( 72 hours after birth)

If the ductus arteriosus fails to collapse at birth, a patent vascular channels forms connecting the pulmonary trunk an aorta shunting the blood from left to right allowing the oxygenated blood to pass back through the blood vessels in lungs.

out of the choices i'd say d the ability to set goals, mainly because to desire to continue you need motivation but it isn't motivation in that part, but setting goals means you have an endgame and you want to reach it which sums up motivation.