Ricky’s friends believe that the major depressive disorder he experiences shields him from "putting himself out there"—that is, from social embarrassment or rejection. The disorder also allows him to recruit his friends’ help in completing such activities of daily living as grocery shopping and house cleaning. Ricky’s friends seem to endorse the approach to depression.

A75-year-old client was admitted to the hospital after having sustained a fall at home. she is diagnosed with a right hip fracture and is scheduled for surgery in the morning. at 2: 30 am she awakens from sleep with confusion about where she is. she insists that her daughter is in the other room and wants to see her. you attempt to reorient her to the surroundings with little success. she continues to insist that her daughter is in the next room. in reviewing the client’s record, what data would be considered a source of her confusion?