Say you accidentally put your hand down on a hot stove. Yow!

The stimulus, which in this case is heat, will trigger your peripheral nervous system. We know it's peripheral because the peripheral system carries nerve impulses to and from the body to the central nervous system (composed of the spinal cord and brain which then analyzes the "message" and issues directions accordingly).

When the central nervous system receives the "Hot!" message, it issues a command to motor nerves, which activate the muscles, tendons and bones that yank your hand away.

5.
Remember our "Yow! Hot!" example?

Where does the "Hot!" message enter the spinal cord?

Where does the "Yank!" message exit it?

An 80-year-old woman comes to the urgent care clinic with dyspnoea on exertion. on physical examination, her blood pressure is 100/70, and her pulse is 75. she has no pulsus paradoxus. her jugular veins are distended, and she has distant heart sounds. in addition, she has extra third and fourth heart sounds. her liver is enlarged, and she has pedal oedema. she has occasional premature ventricular contractions on her electrocardiogram. a chest x-ray reveals clear lung fields with a dilated cardiac silhouette. her echocardiogram reveals ventricular walls with a "speckled pattern". which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - alcoholic cardiomyopathy- amyloidosis- haemochromatosis- tuberculosis- viral myocarditis