I have this task where I must plan and create a fitness workout specific to a method of training (mine being Aerobic Interval Training) and what it will improve (in my case, cardiovascular endurance). The plan must incorporate proper fitness terminology when explaining how each specific component of the session will improve my cardiovascular endurance.

For my plan I have...
-30 seconds sprint/30 seconds recover
-1 minute sprint/1 minute recover
-2 minutes sprint/2 minutes recover
-4 minutes sprint/4 minutes recover
-2 minutes sprint/2 minutes recover
And so onnn...

I was just wondering if someone would be able to thoroughly explain with formal fitness terminology how this interval training (relating to sprints) will improve the cardiovascular endurance of a person.