Which condition causes plaque to accumulate on the walls of the arteries, which makes them thicken and lose elasticity?

Atherosclerosis

Explanation:

People with atherosclerosis experience plaque build up inside their arteries. This condition is also called "the hardening of the arteries" because it makes them lose their elasticity. The plaque on the walls of the arteries can narrow and sometimes even block the arteries completely. Atherosclerosis is actually very common and often is caused just by aging.

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