How does substance use affect the brain

Smoking cigarettes is a pervasive habit found in many parts of the world and a habit that could be explained by both microsociological and macrosociological forces. give an example of each that would be relevant to explaining the proliferation of smoking. how might your suggested micro- and macro-level analyses be linked

What are hormones? a. they are minerals needed for proper bone formation. b. they are the parts of the body targeted by endocrine glands. c. they are substances needed for muscle and nerve activity. d. they are substances released by endocrine glands.

What is a common risk associated with illegal drugs?