Increase in heat rate and mental alertness in response to moments of stress, such as a traffic accident, is usually caused by a release of

1. protective factors are characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of negative outcomes or that reduce a risk factor's impact. individual-level protective factors might include positive self-image, self-control, or social competence

2. attitudes are the response that is a result of our values. values decide what we think as for right, wrong, good, or unjust. attitudes are our likes and dislike towards things, people, and objects. they represent several beliefs focused on a specific object or situation