Mass or bulk purchasing is a cost containment method. can you give an example of something in your world, outside of health care, where purchasing in bulk saves money?

Investigator a has biological specimens that are coded and linked to identifiers of the source individuals. investigator a provides the specimens to investigator b but does not provide the individual identifiers. investigator b agrees not to re-identify the source individuals. is investigator b's research using the biospecimens human subjects research according to the definition of human subjects research in the federal regulations?