In the 1930's, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (dnp) to patients lose weight. this unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. dnp uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the cristae leaky to h+. explain how dnp caused weight loss.

1) An inner mitochondrial membrane that is leaky to H+ would cause chemiosmosis to stop as there is no longer a gradient of protons between the outside and inside of the membrane. Without this gradient most of the ATP usually produced by cellular respiration cannot be produced, so the body must find other sources of energy, such as fats. This would cause a loss of weight. 2) For every one pyruvate molecule used, three CO2 molecules are produced. Since only one of the carbons in the pyruvate is radioactive, only one (out of three) of the CO2 molecules produced will be radioactive.

10/10 recommend bring pads/tampons with you no matter what. im 16 & i’ve had mine since i was 12 and they’re still it regular, but id suggest using the glow app, many women use it for fertility reasons but i use mine specifically for the period tracking portion and it guesses when your next period will most likely be for the next two months. i dont believe theres any way to delay your period, so id say hope for the best but make sure to bring all of your stuff just incase. have a good cruise!