Lucy is a medical coder who has been asked to testify in a court hearing. the court hearing involves testimony regarding the content of an operative report that was coded for a patient who had her appendix removed. the operative report has been presented as evidence. lucy's initials appear as the coder on the medical record because she read the entire record and assigned the codes. since lucy has personal knowledge about the subject matter, her testimony would be considered to be a. clerical evidence b. demonstrative evidence c. hearsay d. testimonial evidence