Resolving disputes outside of court after litigation has begun is called a. alternative dispute resolution (adr). b. judicial determination. c. mediation. d. legislative initiation.

I believe the answer is A. alternative dispute resolution
alternative dispute resolution usually being done by finding a middle ground between two party.
A lot of cases actually ending out in alternative dispute resolution because  neither party are willing to risk the punishment that imposed by the court if they lost the case.

He will get sick right away , he will have low energy , he will loose all his nutrition

Well, l think that some effective communication is, emotional barriers and lack of attention, interest distraction or irrelevance. also some physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.      l hope i am correct  and you good luck.