Alab rat was shocked every time it pressed a red button. after a few times of this, the rat learned not to press this button. it learned this by
habituation
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning

The answer is operant conditioning.

Operant conditioning is a process in which an organism goes through a learning process. It is in which behaviors change in order to deal with the consequences presented. When the rat already learned of the consequences of pressing the red button, it already figured out a way as to how it can adapt to the given controlled stimulus and thus preventing it to hit the button again.

Operant conditioning is mainly a result of learning from the consequences of the stimulus. It is a trait that has evolved through time with many organisms.