If a government is interested in knowing the total income of its citizens (including remittances, or money earned in a foreign country and sent back home), it should look at the gross domestic product (gdp), gross national product (gnp), economic cycle

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts