Who was responsible for initially questioning the effectiveness of affirmative action?

Board of Education

There are definite advantages as well as disadvantages of affirmative action as a policy to redress socio-economic inequality. The positives of this policy lies in the fact that it endorses the spread of education and employment for certain minority categories like the women of the society.  This affirmative action helps to bring the minority community forward in case of all kinds of rights they were deprived of. The negative side or the disadvantage of this policy lies in the fact that several qualified applicants are deprived because of this and hence it creates discrimination among people.